Google Panda is an algorithm update first launched in February 2011 that targets low-quality, thin, and duplicate content at the site level. Rather than penalising individual pages, Panda assigns a site-wide quality score, meaning that a large volume of poor pages can suppress the rankings of even the good ones. Typical triggers include thin affiliate pages, auto-generated content, excessive advertising relative to content, and high rates of copied or near-duplicate text. Google rolled Panda into its core ranking algorithm as a real-time signal in 2016, so it no longer runs as a periodic update. Sites that suffered Panda penalties were advised to noindex, consolidate, or substantially improve low-quality pages before expecting recovery.